Only reformers can advance, only innovators can thrive, and only those who reform and innovate will prevail. The field of science and technology is the most in need of continuous reform. From the third plenary session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee in 2013 to the just concluded third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, the comprehensive reform of sci-tech innovation systems and mechanisms has been continuously deepened, writing a new chapter in advancing sci-tech modernization.